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Historical empathy, also referred to as perspective taking, is an important skill for students to learn. Students need to have historical empathy in order to understand the complexity of how historians explain past events. Historical empathy, defined by Downey (1995), is the ability to recognize how the past was different from the present, to distinguish between multiple perspectives from the past, to explain the author’s perspective, and to defend it with historical evidence. In this action research study, a teacher used historical debate to foster the development of perspective taking in her fifth-grade class. Through debate, students took on the perspectives of people from the past and gained a better understanding of past events. Debates increased students’ understanding of historical contexts and differences between different viewpoints in the past, both important aspects of perspective taking. Students, however, had trouble demonstrating that the past is different from the present.

This study aims to explore innate and sociocultural forces that lead gay men to purchase invasive and non-invasive cosmetic medical treatments.

This work draws on a literature review and personal reflections to identify and interpret patterns and themes on drivers that encourage gay men to use cosmetic medical treatments.

In line with evolutionary theory, the authors suggest that the male proclivity to evaluate a partner’s sexual desirability on the basis of physical appearance and youth remains consistent among gay men. They also posit that sociocultural norms, such as media imagery, portray gay men as physically attractive and youthful. Among gay men, homonormative ideals that define attractiveness fall on a continuum ranging from hyper-masculinity to hypo-masculinity, with each end encouraging gay men to accept different beauty standards.

To date, service researchers have mostly overlooked the role of evolution in consumers’ propensity to purchase professional services. This study sets the foundation for researchers to consider both instinctual and sociocultural norms that encourage consumers to purchase not only cosmetic medical treatments but also professional services in general.

Gay men represent a prime target market for cosmetic medical treatment providers, as their desire for physical attractiveness and youth remains constant as they age.

This study offers novel insights into gay male consumption of cosmetic medical treatments and services from theoretical and practical perspectives.

Over the past two decades significant attention has been given to the topic of historical empathy, yet the manner in which historical empathy is currently defined, operationalized, and put into classroom practice lacks consistency and often is based on dated conceptualizations of the construct. Scholars have employed a variety of theoretical and practical approaches to utilizing historical empathy with students, leading to persistent confusion about the nature, purpose and fostering of historical empathy. Our goal is to present an updated conceptualization that clearly defines historical empathy as a dual-dimensional, cognitive-affective construct and differentiates historical empathy from exclusively cognitive or affective modes of historical inquiry. We further provide an updated instructional model for the promotion of historical empathy that includes consideration for historical empathy’s proximate and ultimate goals. We aim to highlight where research has produced some consensus on best practice for promoting empathy and where further study is needed.

National Health Service (NHS) Emergency Department (ED) attendances are at the second highest level ever recorded, (RCEM, 2021a) and as they soar, performance plummets, putting patient safety at risk (RCEM, 2021b). Managing patient flow in the ED is critical to reduce patient safety incidents and crowding, however, this needs effective leadership (Jensen and Crane, 2014). This paper aims to introduce an innovative form of managing patient flow in ED, which is a two hourly “Board Rounds”, providing a managed process to pull patients through the system meeting pre-determined time critical standards and preventing patient harm. Board Rounds combined with effective leadership can play a contributory role preventing crowding in the ED.

An evaluation of two hourly ED Board Rounds was undertaken using the hospitals’ ED Board Round Standard Operating Procedure to develop a series of short questions. As leadership is the responsibility of all clinicians (Darzi, 2008; Moscrop, 2012), a separate survey was undertaken for clinicians of all grades and managers to self-assess their own leadership styles using the Path-Goal Leadership Theory (House and Mitchell, 1974; Indvik, 1985; Northhouse, 2013). Findings were reported to the team to explore ideas for improvement not only to develop more effective leadership in the ED but also to raise awareness of how to optimise leadership in Board Rounds.

In total, 27 (n = 27) clinicians and managers reported support for a 2 hourly Board Round, for a period of 15 min, in both minor and major injuries departments in ED. A multi-disciplinary Board meeting, led by the lead nurse with support from the Emergency Physician in Charge, was preferred, locating it at the nurse’s station. A validated Path-Goal Leadership survey instrument was returned (n = 24). The findings reveal that leaders and managers are using a high level of the directive leadership style, where there is more potential to use the supportive, participative and achievement approaches to leadership.

This was a small sample, returned from a Hospital ED located in a semi-rural location, department requiring “improvement” from the Health Regulator. This research would benefit from being undertaken in a medium/large NHS ED department to identify if the findings report on a wider leadership culture in the NHS ED. The implications for this study are that improvement interventions such as a “Board Round” can be usefully evaluated alongside a review of leadership styles and approaches to understand the wider implications for continuous improvement and change in the ED.

NHS EDs are facing unprecedented challenges and require innovative evidence-based solutions combined with leadership at this time. The evidence base for improving patient flow is limited, however, this study provides some initial findings on the positive perception and experience of staff to Board Rounds. Board Rounds combined with leadership has the potential to contribute to the wider strategy to prevent crowding in ED. This paper is the first of its kind to evaluate perceptions of Board Rounds in the ED and to engage clinicians and managers in a self-assessment of their own leadership styles to reflect on optimum leadership styles for use in ED.

This paper aims to review traditional corporate governance and accountability research, to suggest opportunities for future research in this field.

The first part adopts an analytical frame of reference based on theory, accountability mechanisms, methodology, business sector/context, globalisation and time horizon. The second part of the paper locates the seven papers in the special issue in a framework of analysis showing how each one contributes to the field. The paper presents a frame of reference which may be used as a “roadmap” for researchers to navigate their way through the prior literature and to position their work on the frontiers of corporate governance research. The paper is primarily discursive and conceptual.

The paper encourages broader approaches to corporate governance and accountability research beyond the traditional and primarily quantitative approaches of prior research. Broader theoretical perspectives, methodological approaches, accountability mechanism, sectors/contexts, globalisation, and time horizons are identified.

Greater use of qualitative research methods are suggested, which present challenges particularly of access to the “black box” of corporate boardrooms.

Drawing on the analytical framework, and the papers in the special issue, the paper identifies opportunities for further research of accountability and corporate governance.

Holding the number of outside directorships constant, this paper aims to test whether executive directors from superior performing firms are subsequently rewarded with better quality outside directorships.

The quality of new outside directorship appointments is modelled using a two‐step Heckman selection procedure to control for the probability of acquiring a new outside board seat. Outside directorship quality is estimated using an index formed from series of observable firm‐specific characteristics proxying for the following three latent aspects of quality: prestige, reputational risk and monetary rewards. The index aggregates across these three dimensions to produce an overall quality score, with higher scores signifying higher quality directorships.

Tests based on a sample of UK executive directors who subsequently acquire at least one new outside board seat show that the quality of newly acquired outside directorships is positively related to past and contemporaneous performance at the executive's own firm. Recent past performance appears to be a more important determinant of the quality of outside directorships than long‐run performance reputations. However, effects are largely confined to executives that either switch between boards or enter the outside directorship market for the first time.

Findings support the view that the market for outside directorships operates (at least in part) as a meritocracy by rewarding executives from superior performing firms with better quality outside board appointments.

Prior work on the market for outside directorships focuses on explaining cross‐sectional variation in the number of outside board seats held. The paper is the first to measure and model directorship quality.

This paper presents an analysis of how health intersects with the experience of housing insecurity and homelessness, specifically for migrant women. The authors argue that it is important to understand the specificities of the interplay of these different factors to continue the advancement of our understanding and practice as advocates for health and housing security.

An exploratory, qualitative, methodological approach was adopted, using a broad definition of housing insecurity: from absolute homelessness (e.g. residing rough) to invisible homelessness (e.g. couch surfing) to those at risk of homelessness. In total, 26 newcomer (foreign-born women who came to live in Canada during the previous ten years, regardless of their immigration status) women were recruited in Montreal, Canada. Participants were recruited directly through advertisements in public places and in collaboration with community organizations (women’s centers, homeless shelters, crisis centers, domestic violence shelters, immigrant settlement agencies and ethnic associations) and they self-identified as having experienced housing insecurity. Efforts were made to include a diversity of immigrant statuses as well as diversity in ethnicity, race, country of origin, family composition, sexual orientation, age and range of physical and mental ability. Women were engaged in semi-structured, open-ended interviews lasting approximately 1 h. Interviews were conducted in English or French in a location and time of participants’ choosing.

The findings are presented around three themes: how health problems instigate and maintain migrant women’s housing insecurity and homelessness; ways in which women’s immigration trajectories and legal status may influence their health experiences; and particular coping strategies that migrant women employ in efforts to maintain or manage their health. The authors conclude with implications of these findings for both policy and practice in relation to migrant women who experience or are at risk of housing insecurity and homelessness.

Intersections of women experiencing migration and housing insecurity in Canadian contexts have rarely been examined. This paper addresses a gap in the literature in terms of topic and context, but also in terms of sharing the voices of migrant women with direct experience with housing insecurity.